Migration of rural people to urban areas. The causes and consequences of rural to urban migration. Essay 2019-01-06
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The causes and consequences of rural to urban migration. Essay
Gideon Sjoberg 1960 provides an exceptional account of the formation of cities extending back to preindustrial times. Other times, such as with birds, urbanization may allow for an increase in richness when organisms are able to adapt to the new environment. In July 2013 a report issued by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs warned that with 2. New York: United Nations, Population Division. When people move out of rural areas, the lower population can prevent the area from being able to attract new industry, according to Bruce Weber, et. Migration - a discreetly spreading phenomenon; is seen almost everywhere, in all parts of the world. Urbanization refers to the population shift from rural to urban residency, the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas, and the ways in which each society adapts to this change.
Rural- urban continuum is a process of socio-economic interaction between the villages and the towns or cities. This can create a vicious cycle that leads to even greater numbers of individuals abandoning rural areas. However due to bad management, many skilled people are left unemployed. World Urbanization Prospects: The 2005 Revision Population Database. However migration has always been given a negative connotation and seen in a negative light.
What is the cause of people's migration from rural to urban societies?
People do migrate to cities in search of better opportunities. Those people venturing in informal work are mostly rural migrants who have little skills and they earn enough income just to sustain them. They are briefly described as under. Rural residents consume a higher percent of fat calories and are less likely to meet the guidelines for physical activity and more likely to be physically inactive. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. Health and Human Services When families move into urban areas, they automatically place themselves in closer proximity to basic services such as hospitals and schools -- urbanization often brings health care and educational opportunities to those who might not have had access to them in rural areas. Additionally the internal migration has a gender aspect in many countries as most migrants are young male adults.
The Americans left farm life for the same reasons the Europeans did - in hopes of a better life and earning more money. While urbanization is associated with improvements in , and access to , it also entails changes in occupational, and patterns. Additionally, residents of rural communities are traveling further for work, decreasing the amount of time that can be spent on leisure physical activity and significantly decreases the opportunity to partake in active transportation to work. With each new invention, a new industry was created. Business Activities Those in the rural areas who have business intentions move to urban areas where the business action is.
Real estate prices often go up as demand outpaces the supply of housing. Agriculturalism and size of community are. Modernization of Agriculture Agricultural modernization contributes a lot toward rural urban migration especially in developing countries. Many rural inhabitants come to the city to seek their fortune and alter their social position. Important factors such as career opportunities, education for their children and cost of living that will be discussed in this paper, all influence both sides of the comparison. Researchers suggest that this difference in hazard ratios is due to the higher levels of air pollution and exposure to environmental allergens found in urban areas. H; Hawkey, J; Datta, A; Dennison, W.
In this regard, such individuals face several psychological and health challenges due to mental stress. In instances of housing and building devevlopment, many times vegetation is completely removed immediately in order to make it easier and less expensive for construction to occur, thereby obliterating any native species in that area. Jobs in such industries as meat processing and construction have attracted these newcomers to new destinations for Latinos Millard and Chapa 2004; Saenz et al. In and , the proportion of the population living in cities with more than 20,000 people jumped from 17% in 1801 to 54% in 1891. Thus, the entire female population of India has to migrate over short or long distance.
These conflicts have led to a genocide led by the north where a group of Arabs would kill males and rape women, burn homes. Uneven Distribution of Population The urban areas become densely populated at the expense of rural areas. Voluntary factors such as better employment opportunities force people to move to urban areas. Education is necessary for the development of society. Good colleges, jobs, business opportunities, technology, etc.
Communities with sidewalks, street lights, and traffic signals have residents participating in more physical activity than communities without those features. Those farmers who used to keep livestock lose market for their products like manure thus being forced to look for alternatives in urban areas Goldscheider, 27. The variety they desire may not be as widely or conveniently available to them in their hometowns as in an urban center in their country. Most people in developing nation live under poverty with urban poverty being constant with majority living in rural areas. There are various types of migration based on destination, purpose, etc. Moreover, and adopting a broader definition of urbanization, we can say that while the urbanized population in England and Wales represented 72% of the total in 1891, for other countries the figure was 37% in , 41% in and 28% in the.
The urban poor struggle to make a living, even if they do earn more than they did in rural areas, because the cost of city life is significantly higher and the opportunities to produce their own food and other basic necessities is greatly reduced. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press. The majority of the immigrants were from Austria-Hungary, Russia, Italy, Poland, Serbia, Turkey and Greece. Housing conditions in rural areas is worse compared with urban areas; people may voluntarily decide to move to urban areas to have access to better living conditions such as better healthcares, better education and housing McCatty, 8. The dramatic influx of Chinese greatly added to the expansion of urban areas, such as San Francisco.
But, what exactly do they achieve after this troublesome migration is a big question. People from one area are displaced and forced to move into an urbanized society. In his book , Stewart Brand argues that the effects of urbanization are primarily positive for the environment. Similar problems now affect the developing world, rising inequality resulting from rapid urbanization trends. Dominant conurbations are quite often , but do not have to be. However, there are also negative social phenomena that arise, alienation, stress, increased cost of living, and mass marginalization that are connected to an urban way of living.
